Ronald Reag Rough Draft Essay - 1552 Words

Ronald Reagan Rough Draft Intro. INTRODUCTION Imagine, being the President of the United States of America, you are in charge of everything in the nation, being responsible for the well-being of your country. And imagine being on the verge of nuclear war with the Soviet Union and only having six minutes to decide whether or not civilization as we know it could continue. This is the type of stress Ronald Reagan was under almost every day of his eight year presidency. EARLY LIFE Ronald Wilson Reagan was born in Tampico Illinois on February 6, 1911 to John Jack and Nellie Wilson Reagan. During Reagan s early childhood his family lived in a series of towns and finally settled in Dixon, Illinois in 1920 where his father opened a shoe store. Reagan went to Dixon High school and graduated in 1928. He was an athlete, student body president, and performed in many school plays. During summer vacation he worked as a lifeguard. After high school, Reagan enrolled at Eureka College in Illinois on an athletic scholarship. At Eureka he majored in economics and sociology. Outside the classroom Reagan ran track, played football, and was captain of his swim team. He was elected as student council president and acted in school productions. He graduated in 1932 and then worked as a sports announcer for a radio station in Illinois. ADULT LIFE In 1937 Reagan got his break as an actor and signed a seven year contract with the movie studio Warner Brothers. Over the

Should Smoking Be Banned Public Smoking - 1263 Words

One Ban That Doesn’t Stink: Banning Public Smoking Do people know that cigarettes are responsible for more causalities each year than from HIV, illegitimate drug use, alcohol related incidents, and automobile calamities combined? It is one of the only permissible products that have been long-established to kill when used as intended. Tobacco usage is the main source of avoidable and premature death and disease worldwide according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Medical studies have shown that smoking not only indicate health issues for the smoker, but also for the people that are in a close proximity to it. Reports have shown that smoke free directives that forbid smoking in public places like taverns and restaurants help advance the general health of employees and the general population. All and any cigarette smoking in public places should be prohibited because of the harmful results of â€Å"passive smoking† on non-smokers and its effect on the sur roundings. People have the right to a healthy, fresh environment and work place. Earth is place that people thrive off and live on. Earth is simply described as one word, â€Å"home†. Destroying its atmosphere, littering its land and polluting its air are not a very nice way of showing appreciation. With the banning of public smoking, it would establish an improved uncontaminated world. The musty stench of cigarettes is awful and a majority of people hate it, even the smokers themselves. It lingers around, attachesShow MoreRelatedShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?941 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals get older they try to cope with the stresses of everyday life by continuing to smoking. It makes them feel more relaxed and at ease. Whatever the reason is, it is a hard habit to break once one starts. For many smokers today it is getting hard to find a place to smoke. Comedians joke about going to another planet just to light up. Smoking should be banned in public pla ces because smoking is just as bad for nonsmokers as it is for smokers. The effects of secondhand smoke orRead MoreSmoking in Public Buildings Should Be Banned1194 Words   |  5 PagesSmoking in Public Buildings Should be Banned Is it true that secondhand smoke can have almost the same health effects as smoking a cigarette? Is it true that some countries have banned smoking in public buildings already? Is it easy to guess how those bans turned out? The countries that banned smoking in public buildings are experiencing fewer health problems in their citizens and have had no negative economic effects due to the ban. Even though everyone should be able to do what they want, whereRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?864 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is one of the practices which is considered highly dangerous to our health because it impacts the smoker and the people around them. There are approximately one billion smokers. Smoking is a big issue that the nonsmoker faces. For example, when the smokers smoke in public places like restaurants, universities and other public places it hurts the non-smoker. The non-smoker breathing the cigarette, marijuana or hookah smoke from the smoker do both of them a re breathing toxic chemicals. In aRead MoreSmoking in Public Places Should Be Banned Essay474 Words   |  2 PagesSmoking in Public Places Should Be Banned I feel very strongly that smoking in public places should be banned. I will list my reasons for my thinking below and explain why I think this. I cannot stand walking down a street behind someone who is smoking. Every time they exhale I then have to walk into a cloud of their smoke. My clothes smell, because they have been saturated with the smoke, it gets into my hair too. It also affects my health. It was found that sevenRead MoreEssay Smoking Should NOT Be Banned in Public Places730 Words   |  3 PagesSmoking Should Not Be Banned in Restaurants      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the perfect situation, smoking policy would be set by bar or restaurant owners, and customers would patronize the establishments with the policy they prefer. Customers would decide-without the governments help-if they want to avoid smoke-filled rooms or enter them. They might even choose to sit in an area sectioned off for smokers or non-smokers, but the ultimate issue is choice (Ruwart 1). When the government starts telling restaurantRead MoreNationwide Smoking Ban: Smoking Should be Banned in All Public Places899 Words   |  4 Pagesthe public about its dangers in 1972 (Schick Glantz, 2005). Do people knowingly have the right to put others’ health at risk? No, they do not. Exposure to cigarette smoke is a public health risk. Therefore, smoking should be banned in all public places, nationwide. There has been no attempt to impose a national smoking ban by the U.S. government. All current bans are in place because of state and local legislation. Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights lists the various state and local smoking lawsRead MoreEssay on Smoking in Public Spaces Should be Banned2013 Words   |  9 Pagesthink. As you lean in to take that first bite, a puff of smoke surrounds you, your family, and your food. How pleasant is this? A big topic being brought to attention these days is whether or not smoking should be banned from all restaurants and other public areas. Smoking in public areas should be taken into close consideration. There are many reasons of why this is brought to attention. These include the harmful effects it can have on all people, smokers and non-smokers, as well as the environmentRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?950 Words   |  4 PagesOne day I walk in to public place with a friend right away we sat down to eat, we were ha ving a conversation later we smell cigarette smoke in the air. I start coughing from the smell of smoke. I also notice a lot of customers who like eating dinner at a public place smoking cigarette. Smoking is a big health problem I feel it is not fair to take away cigarette for people who smoke in American who desire smoke cigarette. Even thought the same as the concession is able to be taking place on thisRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?885 Words   |  4 PagesOne day I walk into public place with a friend right away we sat down to eat, we were having a conversation later we smell cigarette smoke in the air. I start coughing from the smell of smoke. I also notice a lot of customers who like eating dinner at a public place smoking cigarette. Smoking is a big health problem I feel it is not fair to take away cigarette for people who smoke in American who desire smoke cigarette. Even thought the same as the concession is able to be taking place on thisRead MoreEs say on Smoking In Public Places Should Be Banned463 Words   |  2 PagesSmoking In Public Places Should Be Banned There should be rules enforced for smoking in public places. Smokers just do not know the negative influence they are spreading. A puff of cigarette can harm a smokers health. When I go to a restaurant I do not like to leave smelling like smoke. It is the same going to a garbage dump, and smelling like garbage. I am not a smoker, and I cannot stand having the stench of smoke on my clothes. The smell of smoke is not harmful, but secondhand smoke is

Reduction in Share Capital

Question: Analysis and Summary of Presentation Reduction in Share Capital. Answer: Introduction Capital reduction, or the reduction of share capital of a company, is the process through which, the shareholder equity of a company is decreased through the use of prescribed methods (Dagwell, Wines and Lambert, 2015). Capital reduction helps in increasing the shareholder value and at the same time, it helps in producing a more efficient capital structure (Nanda, 2015). In the following parts, a summary on the various aspects of capital reduction have been highlighted. Moreover, the issues relating to the capital reduction have also been stated. Capital Reduction In Trevor v Whitworth (1887) 12 App Cas 409, it was held that the company should never reduce its capital (Cassidy, 2006). However, since then, certain exceptions have been developed for this rule. The Corporations Act, 2001 restricts the ability of any company to reduce its share capital or the funds of the shareholders, before such a company is wound up. However, the Act provides, for some circumstances or particular situations the provisions for early reduction of share capital, or for the cancellation of shares (Company Secretarial Services Pty Ltd, 2017a). The act also mandates the reasons for which the capital reduction can be undertaken, and these are: Ensuring fairness between shareholders, Minimizing the risk of leading the company into insolvency, For the disclosure of material information by the company (Company Secretarial Services Pty Ltd, 2017b). The capital reduction has its share of benefits and restrictions. The former include increase value of shareholder; creation of distributable reserves, as a result realized profits; reduction in accumulated profits, thus increasing the distributable reserves; return of surplus share capital; facilitating a redemption or buy-back of shares; and distribution of assets to shareholders (Spetch, 2014). The restrictions relate to the adherence of provisions of the Corporations Act, 2001 and for the prescribed purposes. One of the modes for capital reduction is share cancellation. So, in order to reduce the share capital, the shares have to be cancelled. Though, unlike buy back, under capital reduction, the bought shares have to be compulsorily cancelled. Capital reduction can be either of the two: Equal reduction: which has to be applied in same proportion of shares, as well as, for the same terms, for each of the shareholders In any other case, it can be a selective reduction (Company Secretarial Services Pty Ltd, 2017a). For the capital reduction, the provisions of Corporations Act have to be strictly adhered to, or else legal issues may arise for which penalties may be applied, in addition of sentencing, as a result of the breach of legal provisions. The capital reduction of shares is allowed only when it is reasonable and fair for the shareholders as whole, it is not prejudicial to the ability of the company to repay its creditors, and the same has been approved under section 256C of the Corporations Act, 2001 by shareholders (Australian Government, 2013). The breach of this section attract penalty of 100 penalty units, in addition to imprison of two years (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). It can also be achieved through section 245J to 254K pertaining to the redemption of redeemable preference shares; or section 257A pertaining to the share buy-backs; or section 258A-258F relating to other prescribed share capital reduction- for instance cancellation of forfeited shares (ASIC, 2014). For 258A and 258C, the penalty is of 400 penalty units or else an imprisonment for 4 years; for 257A and 258B, it is 100 penalty units or else an imprisonment for 2 years (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). A company can be reduce its capital and give the financial assistance only when the procedure of law is complied strictly. The reduction of share capital also needs the approval of the members and also has to be disclosed fully. In case the capital reduction leaves the company insolvent, the corporation act makes the directors personally liable for it. In Fowlers Vacola Manufacturing Company Ltd [1966] VR 97, it was held that if the company decides to return the capital, it has to be done in a fair and equitable manner only (Cassidy, 2006). Conclusion To sum up the entire discussion, capital reduction is a manner of reducing the share capital of the company. Through capital reduction, the shareholder value can be increased and an efficient capital structure can be presented. The modes of capital reduction include cancellation, buy-back, and redemption of shares. However, buy-back may not necessarily result in the reduction of capital, if the bought back shares are not cancelled. Capital reduction could be either equal or selective. Further, while reducing the capital of the company, the applicable provisions of the Corporations Act have to be strictly followed. A non-compliance of these provisions may lead to penalty, as well as, sentencing, on the basis of the breach of particular section. Capital reduction also helps in increasing the realized profits of the company. Though, the purpose of capital reduction is restricted through the Corporations Act. References ASIC. (2014) Reduction in share capital. [Online] ASIC. Available from: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/running-a-company/shares/reduction-in-share-capital/ [Accessed on: 31/03/2017] Australian Government. (2013) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 [Accessed on: 31/03/2017] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Corporations Act 2001 - Schedule 3. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/sch3.html [Accessed on: 31/03/17] Cassidy, J. (2006) Concise Corporations Law. 5th ed. NSW: The Federation Press. Company Secretarial Services Pty Ltd. (2017a) Cancellation of Shares. [Online] Company Secretarial Services Pty Ltd. Available from: https://www.companysecretary.com.au/board_briefings/CancelShares.pdf [Accessed on: 31/03/2017] Company Secretarial Services Pty Ltd. (2017b) Return of Capital. [Online] Company Secretarial Services Pty Ltd. Available from: https://www.companysecretary.com.au/board_briefings/CancelShares.pdf [Accessed on: 31/03/2017] Dagwell, R., Wines, G., and Lambert, C. (2015) Corporate Accounting in Australia. NSW: Pearson Australia. Nanda, D.S. (2015) Reduction in share capital: Analysis. [Online] Corporate Law Reporter. Available from: https://corporatelawreporter.com/2015/02/23/reduction-share-capital-analysis/ [Accessed on: 31/03/2017] Spetch, A. (2014) Reductions of capital: What are they and what can they be used for?. [Online] DWF. Available from: https://www.dwf.law/news-events/legal-updates/2014/11/reductions-of-capital-what-are-they-and-what-can-they-be-used-for/ [Accessed on: 31/03/2017]

Finance Capstone Consequences and Solutions

Question: Discuss about the Finance Capstone for Consequences and Solutions. Answer: The current debt level of Netflix is adequate, as debt to equity ratio of 48.45%, which allows the company to operate in turmoil times. The solvency ratio of the company is at high levels, which increase chances of the company to become insolvent if more debt is acquired. Thus, the additional debt through bond might hamper the overall profitability of the company, while it might oscillate future net income. Fargher, Sidhu, Tarca Van (2016) mentioned that companies only opt for debt when capital could not be raised through an IPO. However, Netflix overall rating in has been slashed by Moodys from BB to B and SP cut ratings from BBB to BB, which depict that company is related among junk or non investment category. This is the reason the company is no able to initiate a public offering and is determined to raise debt for its expansion process. Particulars 2012 2013 2014 1.5 Billion Debt 1 Billion Debt Net Income 17,152 112,403 266,799 Short term liabilities 1,675,926 2,154,203 2,663,154 Long term liabilities 3,223,217 4,079,002 5,198,943 1,500,000 1,000,000 Depreciation 204,356 223,591 264,816 Equity 744,673 1,333,561 1,857,708 long term debt 200,000 500,000 900,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 Solvency ratio 4.52% 5.39% 6.76% 5.68% 6.00% Debt to equity 26.86% 37.49% 48.45% 129% 102% Table 1: Depicting the solvency and debt to equity ratio of Netflix (Source: As created by the author) The overall table mainly depicts both solvency ratio and debt to equity ratio of Netflix from 2012 to 2014 and after the debt initiation. From the overlap evaluation it could be detected that accumulation of debt could be catastrophic for Netflix, as its debt to equity ratio could reach an alarming rate of 129% or 102%. However, if the proposal of Jessica is accepted then the company will mainly be financing its activities with higher debt, which could increase volatility in income due to fluctuations in interest payments. The company has been taking more debt each year from 2012, while the decision in 2014 to acquire an additional debt could be disastrous. Fatica, Hemmelgarn Nicodeme (2013) mentioned that high debt accumulation mainly allows the company to take tax advantage, which retains more income in the business. On the other hand, Heikal, Khaddafi Ummah (2014) criticises that higher interest payments might increase cash outflow, which could reduce ability of the company to a ttain higher profits. After evaluation of overall Netflix capability the recapitalisation proposal could be dropped, as the company is in no state to adhere the rising debt. The interest expenses of the company are also raising two fold each fiscal year. This is mainly an indication of higher fluctuation in net profits, if sales remain stagnant (Schippers, 2015). The non-issuance of debt and using the current available cash for supporting its expansion plan could mainly help the company in reducing its financing costs. In addition, non-accumulation of debt could reduce the debt to equity ratio, while maintaining trust of the investors in companys performance and return generation capacity. Thu, it could be advisable that bond issue is not appropriate for Netflix in current business scenario. Reference: Fargher, N., Sidhu, B., Tarca, A., Van Zyl, W. (2016). Accounting for financial instruments with characteristics of debt and equity: Finding a way forward. Fatica, S., Hemmelgarn, T., Nicodeme, G. (2013). The debt-equity tax bias: consequences and solutions.Reflets et perspectives de la vie conomique,52(1), 5-18. Heikal, M., Khaddafi, M., Ummah, A. (2014). Influence analysis of return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), net profit margin (NPM), debt To equity ratio (DER), and current ratio (CR), against corporate profit growth in automotive In Indonesia stock exchange.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(12), 101. Schippers, M. T. (2015). The Debt Versus Equity Debacle: A Proposal for Federal Tax Treatment of Corporate Cash Advances.U. Kan. L. Rev.,64, 527.